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''Griphobilharzia amoena'' is a significant trematode that infect crocodiles such as the Australian freshwater crocodile, ''Crocodylus johnstoni'', located in Darwin, Australia with reported illness in Irian Jaya as well.〔 Platt TR, Blair D, et al. 1991. ''Griphobilharzia amoena'' n. gen., n. sp. (Digenea: Schistosomatidae), a parasite of the freshwater crocodile ''Crocodylus johnstoni'' (Reptilia: Crocodylia) from Australia, with the erection of a new subfamily, Griphobilharziinae. ''Journal of Parasitology'' 77:65–68.〕 They possess a distinctive tegument that is composed of two lipid bilayers instead of a single bilayer. The double bilayer may be an adaptation to survive the host’s immune response.〔McLaren, D. J., Hockley, D. J. 1977. Blood flukes have a double outer membrane. ''Nature'' 269: 147–149.〕 ==Description== The life cycle remains unknown but cercariae probably develop in mollusks, most likely gastropods.〔Smith, J. W. 1972. The blood flukes (Digenea: Sanguinicolidae and Spirorchidae) of cold-blooded vertebrates and some comparison with the schistosomes. ''Helminthological Abstracts Series A'' 41:161–204.〕 Its intermediate host could be freshwater snails from family Planorbidae.〔Brant S.V., Loker E.S. 2005. (''Can Specialized Pathogens Colonize Distantly Related Hosts? Schistosome Evolution as a Case Study'' ). PLoS Pathogens 1(3): e38. (Figure 1 ).〕 ''Griphobilharzia amoena'' are dioecious and are found in the circulatory system of their definitive host, ''Crocodylus johnstoni''.〔 The male has a gynecophoric chamber that extends two-thirds of the acetabulum to testis. Females are oriented anti-parallel to the males and are completely enclosed in the gynecophoric chamber. The nature of the physical relationship between the sexes is unclear. The worms are hematophagous, even the female, despite being fully enclosed.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Griphobilharzia amoena」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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